Perspectives of Organisational Culture

Perspectives of Organisational Culture What is organizational culture all about? How did the concept arise? The idea on culture in organizations is a concept drawn from anthropology (Meek, 1988). Culture is viewed â€Å"asa system of shared symbols and meanings† (Rossi and OHiggins, 1980 cited in Lee an Yu, 2004 p. 340). Culture in organizations can simply be referred to as an organizations way of life or way of doing things. Organizational culture has been defined differently by several writers. However, most of the definitions in use lay emphases on key elements such as, norms, traditions, values, beliefs and assumptions. Organizational culture can be defined as â€Å"the collection of relatively uniform and enduring values, beliefs, customs, traditions and practices that are shared by an organizations members, learned by new recruits and transmitted from one generation of employees to the next† (Huczynski and Buchanan 2007, p.623). There is little doubt that organizational culture is a broad topic which no essay can discuss in entirety, however this essay will discuss the two approaches to the study of organizational culture and aim to critically evaluate the ways in which managers attempt to control organizational culture, drawing examples from the Hewlett Packard video watched in class and previous experience of visiting Tesco stores. History forms part of an organizations culture and it can be transmitted consciously and unconsciously over time from managers to employees. For example, it can be transmitted in the form of stories and myths (Meek 1998, Kaye 2007, Taylor S., Fisher D. et al). (Dandridge, T., Mitroff I. et al) suggest that â€Å"stories, myths and symbolism, aid understanding of the deep culture and structure of an organization†. These stories and myths in an organization might be about the start up of the organization or on the remarkable successes of its founders. For example, in the Hewlett Packard video, it indicated that the HP history formed part of the HP way as a vast number of the employees were aware of the fact that the â€Å"founders (Bill and Dave) started the company in a garage, in 1939. They developed the oscillator, used by Disney in the movie Fantasia. The bell ringing tradition was introduced by Bill and Daves wives as a signal for their husbands to observe lunch or coffee times† (The gilded cage: video watched 23 November, 2009). According to (Schein 1985 cited in Huczynski and Buchanan 2007, p.624 630) culture is considered to exist in three levels. Level one is regarded as ‘surface manifestations. At this stage, the culture of an organization is easily seen by outsiders in its symbols, language or architecture. In the Hewlett Packard case, the open plan office adopted, manifests, the relaxed environment the employees work in, and it also suggests the ease of access, between managers and employees. Tesco is very customer-centric and this is displayed by each employees approach to customers which, conveys a message regarding Tescos organizational culture of putting smiles on the faces of the shopping public, hence, creating a pleasant shopping experience for them. The second level of culture is ‘values. This has its firm foundation on morals, awareness and religious or societal precepts and is usually displayed on websites of organizations. The last level of culture is ‘basic assumptions. T hese are assumptions preconceived by an individual of an organization such as how it operates and functions in its environment. Several writers hold different views on organizational culture. The three perspective framework developed by (Martin, 1992), integration, differentiation and fragmentation perspectives provide understanding on organizational culture. The Integration or unitary perspective regards organizations as clear, consistent and unified, believing that these integrating features may result in improved organizational effectiveness. The differentiation perspective views organizations as consisting of subcultures with diverse interests and different objectives while the fragmentation or conflict perspective, sees organizations as being in a constant state of flux. The integration or managerial perspective appears to suggest that there is a relationship between strong culture and improved performance. (Scholz, 1987 cited in Huczynski and Buchanan, 2007, p.623) argues that culture generates competitive advantage. However, sustainable competitive advantage, â€Å"must be rare, adaptable and non-imit able† this determines the strong cultural traits the organization possesses (Barney, 1986 cited in Huczynski and Buchanan, 2007, p.641). Is organizational culture controllable? According to (Meek, 1998 p.455) previous studies suggest that culture belongs to management, hence, it is â€Å"available for management to manipulate†. The functionalist perspective holds that culture can be controlled, as it is regarded as something that the organization has and gives to new recruits and they do not take part in the formation, hence, it can be used as a control device by management (Smircich, 1983). However, the social constructionist perspective, rejects the notion, that culture may be controlled as it holds that culture exists through the continuous interaction between the organizations members. (Ackroyd and Cowley 1990, Harris and (Ogbonna 1999, Ogbonna 1993, Willmott 1993 cited in Huczynski and Buchanan, 2007). There exist three forms of corporate control, bureaucratic, humanistic and culture control. â€Å"More than other forms of control, however, culture control elicits sentiment and emotion,  and contains possibilities to ensnare workers in a hegemonic system† (Ray, 1986, p287). (Deal and Kennedy, 1982 cited in Ray, 1986 p.289) echoes that â€Å"it is the explicit challenge to management to make†¦ people . . . have a strongly ingrained sense of the companys values† Thus, aligning with the functionalist perspective which, supports that culture can be controlled, managers can thus, control culture, by ensuring that employees hold fast to the custom and practice of the organization. For example, in the HP video, meetings were held regularly to check the progress of team members and also to convey information to the employees as the need arises. Job security was tied to performance. Objectives setting was done â€Å"top-down, bottom-up† (objectives were set by management and accepted by each employee). The management by wondering around (MBWA) style was in force, as it enabled managers keep abreast with happenings in the company, and employees likewise had accessibility to managers to discuss issues.

Maiden Voyage Essay

The given passage taken from Denton Welch’s Maiden Voyage starts with a clear and concise statement that brings focus on mainly three details, the first being that the writer is a lively and independent foreigner or in other words, an extrovert, the second and third being that the time is morning and there are two more characters, Mr Butler and Mr Roote involved respectively. Mr Butler clearly warns the writer that ‘foreigners are not welcome here’ and he should preferably stay out of the locals’ way. This tells us that the Chinese prefer being isolated and like mixing amongst themselves. This statement is quite ironic because Mr Butler himself seems as if he is of English origin. No outgoing traveller would like hearing this and naturally the writer doesn’t like being confined between the four walls of the room when he could be doing several other outdoor activities. The writer also uses strong emotional language such as ‘hated’, ‘fiercely’ and ‘brooding’ to reinforce this. The symbolism of the ‘moth eaten ball and the old tennis racket’ informs the reader that hardly anyone uses the sports equipment. The incredibly rebellious writer vents outs his anger by striking these old worn out balls fiercely against the stable doors. It is this lack of excitement that leads the stubborn writer to trouble. He decides to take matters to his own hands and foolishly escapes out in the country side. Whilst this escape from drudgery is happening, Mr Butler and Mr Roote are so deeply engrossed in their own conversation that they fail to realize that the writer is running away. To the reader, this clearly suggests that they are content not to look outside their own world and have not moved on from this morning’s conversation whereas the writer on the other hand has. The writer uses mysterious and exotic language to describe the country. The still silence, the hot sand, the ‘stunted bushes’ left the writer overwhelmed maybe because he was used to an entirely different landscape. The grass is tall, tall enough for a person to hide and was also described as ‘rank’ maybe because it had a stench to it and also, the fact that it was as ‘sharp as knives’ made it even more hard as well as dangerous to walk on. ‘The soles of my shoes began to burn’ suggests that temperatures were high, high enough to leave the writer dehydrated and exhausted. The reader is left behind with an image similar to that of that of a dream, a hot dream.

The Appeal of Annotated Bibliography Citation

The Appeal of Annotated Bibliography Citation Readers might even be interested in locating the source themselves. As a part of corporate social responsibility, the help of on-line bibliography are provided at zero cost to students who can't afford to cover generating the citations. Top Annotated Bibliography Citation Secrets Sometimes it can be as a consequence of annotated bibliography citation your own negligence for not seeking skilled help by picking a great place to get essays from. It is possible to create a citation at any moment and also return and edit it as many times as you would like. There's a high likelihood of being mixed up with the different citation styles and wind up losing valuable marks. Please remember that all of your text, for example, write-up beneath the citation, must be indented so the author's last name is the sole text that's flush left. The Pain of Annotated Bibliography Citation See the next page for examples of the way to footnote the mos t frequent kinds of sources you will use in your NHD paper. You compose the total citation under the heading References near the end of your manuscript. The citation is only going to be sorted right after the document is exported to the internet generator. Take a look at this page to learn more on the topic of parenthetical citations. The very first paragraph provides a succinct overview of the author's project in the book, covering the principal points of the job. Studying the summary can help you to be acquainted with the contents of distinct articles, journals and books in limited time. The very first step in developing an annotated bibliography is selecting a research topic or region of study the bibliography will concentrate on. MLA format for bibliography is particularly crucial for the students, that are pursuing education in the area of law or literature. Consider and explain the method by which the source is related to your research question. A brief evaluation o f whether he is useful for the purpose of the research. When he has more than one date, it is sufficient to use the date that is most relevant to your use of it. The exact same source might have been published on more than 1 date, like an on-line version of an original source. Annotated Bibliography Citation Secrets If you're on the lookout for an APA sample paper, take a look at the other resources found on BibMe. If you should learn more in regards to the ASA, we have all the strategies and tips to aid you in getting there. Our ASA bibliography format tool isn't difficult to use, generates quick and accurate effects and most of all, can be retrieved by anybody at any moment, PC or mobile notwithstanding. The bibliography generator can likewise be regarded as a digital highlighter, which lowers the probability of skipping important facts during academic research. An annotated bibliography is a bibliography that provides an overview of every one of the entries. Now you are all set to start writing your very own annotated bibliography. Seeing a sample annotated bibliography may be valuable way to begin. The Benefits of Annotated Bibliography Citation Our free APA citation maker isn't difficult to use! Citation Machine can help you cite your sources. There are two sorts of citations in APA. All you need to do first is to obtain the most suitable MLA citation generator for your taste. When you choose us to assist you with a bibliography APA making you know which you're receiving the best assistance possible. To begin with, you will want to choose which type of citation format is appropriate to the paper and its sources, for example, MLA or APA.

Night and Maus - 2669 Words

Comparison of Maus and Night The Holocaust was a traumatic event that most people can’t even wrap their minds around. Libraries are filled with books about the Holocaust because people are both fascinated and horrified to learn the details of what survivors went through. Maus by Art Spiegelman and Night by Elie Wiesel are two highly praised Holocaust books that illustrate the horrors of the Holocaust. Night is a traditional narrative that mainly focuses on Elie’s experiences throughout the holocaust while Maus is a comic book that focuses on the relationship between Art and his father and the generational trauma Art is going through as well as his father’s experiences during the Holocaust. Night and Maus are very different styles of†¦show more content†¦In chapter one of book II Art reveals that he feels extremely guilty about not having to go through the Holocaust like his father did and says Somehow, I wish I had been in Auschwitz with my parents so I could really know what they l ived through! †¦I guess its some form of guilt about having had an easier life than they did(Spiegelman, MausII,16). Postmemory affected Art throughout his life because of his father’s dramatic life experiences. Marianne Hirsch describes Postmemory with some hesitation because she thinks that it may imply that we are â€Å"beyond memory† and she doesn’t want people to think that’s what she means. Postmemory is different from regular memory because it is caused by generation gaps, like the gap between Art and Vladek. It is â€Å"a powerful and very particular form of memory precisely because its connection to its object or source is mediated, not through recollection but through an imaginative investment and creation...Postmemory characterizes the experience of those who grow up dominated by narratives that preceded their birth, whose own belated stories are evacuated by the stories of the previous generation shaped by traumatic events that can be neither understood nor recreated† (Hirsch, 1997: 22). Many of Arts memories from when he was a boy come from many from Postmemory. They are the memories that Vladek talks about from his earlier experiences from the Holocaust and of Anja. Arts memories are controlled by â€Å"the experience of thoseShow MoreRelatedNight And Maus Reflection1343 Words   |  6 Pageshow his life was before and during the Holocaust. In Vladeks story , by his son, Art, Spiegelman, was told through a series of interviews and a graphic novel. The authors of Night and Maus portray the Holocaust through survivor testimony , interviews, personal experiences and different perspectives. In the book, Night, Elie Wiesel describes his experiences during the Holocaust. He explains about how his life was before and during the Holocaust . Elie Wiesel starts off by talking about MosheRead MoreThe Night And Maus Book Review Essay1365 Words   |  6 PagesWiesel’s autobiography, Night, his faith in humanity, his belief in God’s justice and his childhood and innocence destroyed and changed his identity as a result of his experiences during the Holocaust. Vladek Spiegelman, a Polish Jew in the book Maus written by Art Spiegelman, struggles through life during this European catastrophe, but does not portray a memory as affecting as Elie Wiesel’s. Night and the book Maus both contextually focus on survivors of the Holocaust, but Night illustrates a more graphicRead MoreSnake thing Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Night Every author has a different ways to portray a certain scene and the different elements used can be identify in Elie Wiesel and Art Spiegelman’s ‘hanging’ scene. For example, in Night, the reader uses his imagination to create the images of the horrific events, while in Maus, the images are ‘fed’ to him, giving a different some sort of surprise or shock. Depending on the situation, one novel’s technique might be more emotionally powerful at times than the other. One element is ‘imagery’Read MoreBetrayal in Maus Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagesalso plenty of mistrust for prior friends and neighbors. In the graphic novel, â€Å"Maus (Volume I and II) Vladek Spiegelman makes it very clear to his son, Artie, that one cannot count on their friends. He makes the point that in time of hardship, friends will abandon you quite quickly. Vladek says, â€Å"Friends? Your friends†¦if you lock them together in a room with no food for a week†¦then you could see what it is, friends! (Maus, VI. 5-6). Throughout the novel, we see examples of this gloomy point provenRead MoreThe Horror Of The Holocaust859 Words   |  4 Pagessurvivor. After collecting information from the interviews with his father, Spiegelman, created Maus, a comic book novel about his father’s experiences during the Holocaust. The graphic novel helps readers visualize the horrors of the Holocaust through its illustration, and symbolism. Despite being critic ized for being a comic book, it has won multiple awards, for its valuable content of the Holocaust. Maus is an important contribution to the Holocaust genre, as it informs readers about the HolocaustRead MoreMaus vs. Schindlers List1175 Words   |  5 PagesSchindler’s List vs. Maus A powerful and provocative graphic novel, Maus, generates a Jewish individual’s life of grotesque and horror. With its ability of perception and interpretation, it tackles the main points of the ominous Holocaust and delivers a spooky aura to the absorbed audience. In comparison to Schindler’s List, the graphic novel shines brightly than the pale movie due to its realism and humor that is constantly present throughout the storyline. The novel has the ability to connectRead MoreMaus : A Survivor s Tale I And II902 Words   |  4 PagesStephenie Igboanugo Ms. King- ­Zimmerman AP Language and Composition 2 October 2016 Quarter 1, Long Form #2 Maus I and II In the nonfiction novels Maus: A Survivor’s Tale I and II, Art Spiegelman creates a multi-themed book by his use of various connection rhetorical devices. Guilt is one of the most prominent themes of the book. Two types of guilt are present in his books: survivor’s guilt and familial guilt. Spiegelman s, familial guilt comes from the death of his mother. The guilt that heRead More`` Maus Trigger Me More Than Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass And Half Of A Yellow Sun966 Words   |  4 PagesMaus trigger me more than Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and Half of a Yellow Sun since my country has been through similar experience. My country is the Republic of Korea, also called South Korea. It is small country located between powerful countries like China, Russia, and Japan. Thus, it is a place where war never stopped even till now. Too many times, we were too close to losing our country and one time, in 1910 we actually did. Lasted for Thirty-five year s, it is called the KoreaRead MoreMaus and Persepolis1097 Words   |  5 PagesPersepolis and Maus: Two Survivors and Their Stories. Of the many items that help enhance the horror of the Nazi Holocaust, one of the most notable is what it had of systematic and bureaucratic. Not only killing people, which would have had already been enough, but precisely being made in a quiet and civilized way. It is not strange the image of the Nazi leader quoting his favorite poet while sending to death hundreds of people, belying the myth that culture and education make people better. TheRead MoreTheme Of Guilt In Maus1301 Words   |  6 Pagesabout guilt? People only know what theyve learned from experience, both theirs and others. Art Spiegelman is no exception to this concept. Throughout his graphic novel, Maus, he consistently expresses his guilt. Spiegelman experiences extreme guilt over not suffering the Holocaust, being a disappointment of a son, and for writing Maus. First of all, Spiegelman expresses constant survivors guilt over his being born after World War II. He did not suffer through the horrors of the World War II Holocaust

Effects Of Social Media On Mental Health - 1206 Words

In 1971 the first email was sent. This was the beginning of social media. Social media is a form of electronic communication through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other contents. Social media sites are like fads where people eventually stop using them and move on to the next one. This essay will be about the effects of social media on the mental health of the main users of social media. The age group that uses social media the most is 12-17 but the majority of people who use it all together are under the age of 30. 42% of adults online use social media and 97% of teens online use social media. Three in four teens access the internet on cell phones, tablets, and other mobile devices. Ironically, even though it is called social media, it actually causes a lot of people to become less connected with other people in real life. Steven Strogatz of Cornell University says â€Å" social media sites can make it more difficult for us to distinguish between the meaningful relationships we foster in the real world, and the numerous casual relationships formed through social media. By focusing so much of our time and psychic energy on these less meaningful relationships, our most important connections will weaken.† What this means is that we spend a lot of our time and energy online trying to create relationships with people online that distracts from real life people and social situations. Sure, social media is good for connectingShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Social Media On Mental Health1580 Words   |  7 Pageshazards of social media. The relationship between an individual’s social media habits and mental health is complex. In this report many concepts will be explored thoroughly such as, the effects of social media on mental health, how it is concerned with substance abuse, the advantages and disadvantages of social media and which social media site is cyberbullying occurred on the most. Firstly, there have been significant links between our online presence and other aspects of our mental health, whichRead MoreEffects Of Social Media On Mental Health1498 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of social media on mental health Overview Social media is described, by the Merriam-Webster dictionary (2015), as â€Å"forms of electronic communication (as Web sites for social networking and microblogging) through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content (as videos)†. As few as 10 years ago the term social media was yet to be coined, but within that decade the use of these blogs, websites and sharing platforms has increased exponentiallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Mental And Emotional Health1357 Words   |  6 Pages Off the Grid Social media seems to be one of the many hot topics of discussion recently, and consequently many people have the false sense of security that they have a profound knowledge on how it affects the health of the teenage population. A sedentary lifestyle, decreased sleep, as well as other physical health conditions seem to come to mind when one links health and social media. However, there is a much bigger problem that can go unnoticed because it can be impossible to see: the impact itRead MoreSocial Media Effect Our Mental Health2401 Words   |  10 Pagesthe egocentric side of social media to even realize the reality of my life. Is it just me, or are the morals of today declining due to social media? I am absolutely guilty of obsessing over social media, and I am confident I am not the only one. We, as a society, often beg the question: Does social media do more good or harm? Or both? How often do we think of its consequences? How much time do we spend on social media every day? How does social media effect our mental health, our psychological stateRead MoreNegative Effects Of Instagram1439 Words   |  6 PagesSocial media: a blessing or a burden? It gives the ability to like, comment and interact with any person at any time. A platform with recent growth and popularity, Instagram, reaches copious amounts people. Expectedly so, controversy has arisen from the decade of social media and this form in particular. Research has found Instagram to have the highest overall negative effect on mental health (Cramer Inkster, 2017). Through analyzing human psyche and critiquing data, this paper will seek to explainRead MoreSocial Media s Influence On Mental Health And Overall Quality Of Life1707 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media usage by adolescents must be limited in order to improve mental health and overall quality of life. Adolescent social media activity continues to grow, creating technology dependence in younger generations. Technology remains in its prime throughout the twenty first century with advancements in internet and smartphone capabilities. As technology becomes more accessible to younger generations, minors continue to spend more of their day trapped in a cyber universe and disconnected fromRead MoreThe Impact Of Mass Media On Body Image1255 Words   |  6 Pagesor other health related images and videos on social media, online magazines/blogs, and mass media in general. Mass media has caused an enormous amount of controversy within the last few years concerning body image and what is politically correct. However, mass media’s impact on health can be beneficial if it is used the correct way. The social media aspect of mass media has become something that is involved in most people’s everyday lives; and it’s not going away anytime soon. Mass media posts needRead MoreSoc ial Medias Impact On Mental Health1082 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Networking Sites (SNS) are most popularly used today on the Internet. SNS such as Instagram, Twitter and Facebook are one of the most common social interactive sites used by adolescents. Connecting with friends, expressing oneself, and scrolling through personal profiles has never been easier before. Depending how SNS are used, it can play a huge role in the daily lives of many. According to Hugues (2015), SNS have been used to cope with loneliness and depression, boost self-esteem and well-beingRead MoreSocial Media Disadvantages1246 Words   |  5 PagesSocial media is a way for people to communicate anywhere and at any time. Some people think that it is beneficial to have in society. Although, many people are starting to see negative effects arise from the use of social media as well. These negative effects are increasing and becoming more problematic every day. The disadvantages of social media far outweigh the advantages. Social media effects everyone in society, especially teenagers by negatively impacting their lives, face-to-face interactionsRead MoreMedia Negative Effects850 Words   |  4 PagesSocial media alone, on average, will consume five years and four months of a person’s life, and that does not account for any other aspect of the internet (Asano). Merriam Webster Dictionary defines social media as â€Å"forms of electronic communication through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other such content.† Facebook, Snapchat, Instagram, Twitter, etc. are some of the more popular social media sites. As with anything, there are side effects

The Return Nightfall Chapter 3 Free Essays

Later that day Caroline was sitting with Matt Honeycutt, Meredith Sulez, and Bonnie McCullough, all listening to Stefan on Bonnie’s mobile phone. â€Å"Late afternoon would be better,† Stefan told Bonnie. â€Å"She takes a little nap after lunch – and anyway, it’ll be cooler in a couple hours. We will write a custom essay sample on The Return: Nightfall Chapter 3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I told Elena you’d be coming by, and she’s excited to see you. But remember two things. First, it’s only been seven days since she came back, and she’s not quite†¦herself yet. I think she’ll get over her – symptoms – in just a few days, but meanwhile don’t be surprised by anything. And second, don’tsay anything about what you see here. Not to anyone.† â€Å"Stefan Salvatore!† Bonnie was scandalized and offended. â€Å"After all we’ve been through together, you think we’d blab?† â€Å"Not blab,† Stefan’s voice came back over the mobile, gently. But Bonnie was going on. â€Å"We’ve stuck together through rogue vampires and the town’s ghost, and werewolves, and Old Ones, and secret crypts, and serial killings and – and – Damon – and have we ever told people about them?† Bonnie said. â€Å"I’m sorry,† Stefan said. â€Å"I just meant that Elena won’t be safe if any of you tells even one person. It would be all over the newspapers right away:GIRL RETURNS TO LIFE . Andthen what do we do?† â€Å"I understand about that,† Meredith said briefly, leaning in so that Stefan could see her. â€Å"You don’t need to worry. Every one of us will vow not to tellanyone .† Her dark eyes flicked momentarily toward Caroline and then away again. â€Å"Ihave to ask you† – Stefan was making use of all his Renaissance training in politeness and chivalry, particularly considering that three of the four people watching him on the phone were female – â€Å"do you really have any way to enforce a vow?† â€Å"Oh, I think so,† Meredith said pleasantly, this time looking Caroline directly in the eyes. Caroline flushed, her bronzed cheeks and throat turning scarlet. â€Å"Let us work it out, and in the afternoon, we’ll come over.† Bonnie, who was holding the phone, said, â€Å"Anybody have anything else to say?† Matt had remained silent during most of the conversation. Now he shook his head, making his shock of fair hair fly. Then, as if he couldn’t hold it back, he blurted, â€Å"Can we talk to Elena? Just to say hi? I mean – it’s been a wholeweek .† His tanned skin burned with a sunset glow almost as brightly as Caroline’s had. â€Å"I think you’d better just come over. You’ll see why when you get here.† Stefan hung up. They were at Meredith’s house, sitting around an old patio table in the backyard. â€Å"Well, we can at least take them some food,† Bonnie suggested, rocketing up from her seat. â€Å"God knows what Mrs. Flowers makes for them to eat – orif she does.† She made waving motions to the others as if to raise them from their chairs by levitation. Matt started to obey, but Meredith remained seated. She said quietly, â€Å"We just made a promise to Stefan. There’s the matter of the vow first. And the consequences.† â€Å"I know you’re thinking about me,† Caroline said. â€Å"Why don’t you just say so?† â€Å"All right,† Meredith said, â€Å"I’m thinking about you. Why are you suddenly interested in Elena again? How can we be sure that you won’t go spreading the news of this all around Fell’s Church?† â€Å"Why would I want to?† â€Å"Attention. You’d love to be at the center of a crowd, giving them every juicy detail.† â€Å"Or revenge,† Bonnie added, suddenly sitting down again. â€Å"Or jealousy. Or boredom. Or – â€Å" â€Å"Okay,† Matt interrupted. â€Å"I think that’s enough with the reasons.† â€Å"Just one more thing,† Meredith said quietly. â€Å"Why do youcare so much about seeing her, Caroline? The two of you haven’t gotten along in almost a year, ever since Stefan came to Fell’s Church. We let you in on the call to Stefan, but after what he said – â€Å" â€Å"If you really need a reason why I should care, after everything that happened a week ago, well†¦well, I would think you’d understand without being told!† Caroline fixed shining cat-green eyes on Meredith. Meredith looked back with her best no-expression expression. â€Å"All right!† Caroline said. â€Å"She killed him for me. Or had him called to Judgment, or whatever. That vampire, Klaus. And after being kidnapped and – and – and – used – like a toy – whenever Klaus wanted blood – or – † Her face twisted and her breathing hitched. Bonnie felt sympathy, but she also was wary. Her intuition was aching, warning her. And she noticed that although Caroline spoke about Klaus, the vampire, she was strangely silent about her other kidnapper, Tyler Smallwood, the werewolf. Maybe because Tyler had been her boyfriend until he and Klaus had held her hostage. â€Å"I’m sorry,† Meredith said in a quiet voice thatdid sound sorry. â€Å"So you want to thank Elena.† â€Å"Yes. I want to thank her.† Caroline was breathing hard. â€Å"And I want to make sure that she’s okay.† â€Å"Okay. But this oath covers quite a bit of time,† Meredith continued calmly. â€Å"You may change your mind tomorrow, next week, a month from now†¦we haven’t even thought about consequences.† â€Å"Look, we can’tthreaten Caroline,† Matt said. â€Å"Not physically.† â€Å"Or get other people to threaten her,† Bonnie said wistfully. â€Å"No, we can’t,† Meredith said. â€Å"But for the short term – you’re a sorority pledge this coming fall, aren’t you, Caroline? I can always tell your prospective sorority sisters that you broke your solemn vow about somebody who is helpless to hurt you – who I’m sure doesn’twant to hurt you. Somehow I don’t think they’d care for you much after that.† Caroline’s face flushed deeply again. â€Å"You wouldn’t. You wouldn’t go interfering with my college – â€Å" Meredith cut her off with two words. â€Å"Try me.† Caroline seemed to wilt. â€Å"I never said I wouldn’t take the vow, and I never said I wouldn’t keep it. Just try me, why don’t you? I – I’ve learned a few things this summer.† I should hope so.The words, although nobody said them aloud, seemed to hover over all of them. Caroline’s hobby for the entire last year had been trying to find ways to hurt Stefan and Elena. Bonnie shifted position. There was something – shadowed – behind what Caroline was saying. She didn’t know how she knew; it was the sixth sense that she’d been born with. But maybe it just had to do with how much Caroline had changed, with what she had learned, Bonnie told herself. Look how many times she’d asked Bonnie in the last week about Elena. Was she really all right? Could Caroline send flowers? Could Elena have visitors yet? Whenwould she be all right? Caroline really had been a nuisance, although Bonnie didn’t have the heart to tell her that. Everyone else was waiting just as anxiously to see how Elena was†¦after returning from the afterlife. Meredith, who always had a pen and paper, was scribbling some words. Now she said, â€Å"How about this?† and they all leaned forward to look at the pad. I swear not to tellanyone about any supernatural events relating to Stefan or Elena, unless given specific permission to do so by Stefan or Elena. I will also help in the punishment of anyone who breaks this vow, in a way to be determined by the rest of the group. This vow is made in perpetuity, with my blood as my witness. Matt was nodding his head. â€Å" ¡Ã‚ ®In perpetuity’ – perfect,† he said. â€Å"It sounds just like what an attorney would write.† What followed was not particularly attorney-like. Each of the individuals around the table took the piece of paper, read it aloud, and then solemnly signed it. Then they each pricked a finger with a safety pin that Meredith had in her purse and added a drop of blood beside their signatures, with Bonnie shutting her eyes as she pricked herself. â€Å"Now it’s really binding,† she said grimly, as one who knows. â€Å"I wouldn’t try to break this.† â€Å"I’ve had enough of blood for a long time,† Matt said, squeezing his finger and looking at it gloomily. That was when it happened. Meredith’s contract was sitting in the center of the table so all could admire it when, from a tall oak where the backyard met the forest, a crow came swooping down. It landed on the table with a raw-throated scream, causing Bonnie to scream, too. The crow cocked an eye at the four humans, who were hastily pulling back their chairs to get out of its way. Then it cocked its head the other way. It was the biggest crow any of them had ever seen, and the sun stroked iridescent rainbows from its plumage. The crow seemed, for all the world, to be examining the contract. And then it did something so quickly that it made Bonnie dart behind Meredith, stumbling over her chair. It opened its wings, leaned forward, and pecked violently at the paper, seeming to aim at two specific spots. And then it was gone, first fluttering, and then soaring off until it was a tiny black speck in the sun. â€Å"It’s ruined all our work,† Bonnie cried, still safely behind Meredith. â€Å"I don’t think so,† said Matt, who was closer to the table. When they dared to move forward and look at the paper, Bonnie felt as if someone had thrown a blanket of ice around her back. Her heart began to pound. Impossible as it seemed, the violent pecking was all red, as if the crow had retched up blood to color it. And the red marks, surprisingly delicate, looked exactly like an ornate letter: D And under that: Elena is mine. How to cite The Return: Nightfall Chapter 3, Essay examples

Attributes of entrepreneur free essay sample

Confidence positive thlnklng is a major step In the direction of success 5. Positive thinker entrepreneur are positive thinkers. Wealth does not always come to the most intelligent or the most ambitious individuals. Patience -when one owns who his business, there will be times when feels like the roof of craving-in. 7. Decisiveness one should go with his intuition and trust that he is doing the right thing 8. Experience component for growth as a key 9. Information seeking entrepreneur should seek information with client and competitors, seek advice. 10. Perseverance must be willing to persevere during rough times 11. Drive needs to be totally committed 12. Risk taking prefer tasks, which provide them some challenges 13. Innovation creative, they do things in new and different ways 14. Opportunity-seeking readily identifies opportunities for going into or to improve his business 15. Demand for efficiency and quality entrepreneur always strives to find ways to do things better, faster and at a lower cost 16. We will write a custom essay sample on Attributes of entrepreneur or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Systematic planning and monitoring introduces some system in achlevlng his goals by breaking this goal Into short term and long term goals 11. Persuasion and networking easy establishes a network or personal and business contacts around them